Postmodifiers of a noun are words or phrases put after a noun to modify it. They specify additional information about the noun they modify. Post modifiers fall into the following categories
(a) Adjectives: (i) The books available are very costly.
(b) Prepositional phrases : (ii) The tree in front of the building is old. (ii) The book on the reading table is new. (iii) The boy in blue shirt looks smart.
(c) Participle phrases : (i) The students residing in the college hostel will play cricket. (ii) The tiger wounded by bullets could not go far. (iii) The house destroyed by flood needs mending. (iv) The passerby run over by a car was hospitalized.
Note : These phrases postmodifying a noun may be either present participle or past participle phrases. Present participle phrases indicate the action in progress and the head word is the doer of the action whereas past participle phrases indicate the action already completed and the headword indicates the goal the action follows
(d) Infinitive phrases : (i) He has to sons to educate. (ii) I have an urgent letter to post now. (iii) I have been waiting for the guest to arrive soon.
(e) Adverbs : (i) The roof above needs painting. (ii) The quotations above are very philosophical. (iii) The school opposite to the park is two storied.
(f) Reflexive pronouns : (i) He himself did the work (ii) I myself did the sum.
(g) Appositives : (i) Mr. John ,a renowned eye specialist, lives in this house. (ii) Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a populous city. (iii) Nazrul, the rebel poet, is our pride.
Note : An appositive may be a noun , a noun phrase or a noun clause which is put after a noun and it begins and ends with a comma (,) to be separated from the rest of the sentence as it does not take part in the grammar of the sentence. It only modifies the noun preceding it.
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